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<span>Holiday</span>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4196668/jewish/Chanukah-Schedule.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4196668"><span>Chanukah Schedule</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/photogallery_cdo/aid/4209113/jewish/Photos.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4209113"><span>Photos</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4306551/jewish/Pesach-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4306551"><span>Pesach at Chabad</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4331776/jewish/Family-Purim-event.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4331776"><span>Family Purim event</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4337225/jewish/Pesach-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4337225"><span>Pesach at Chabad</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4337278/jewish/Shavuot-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4337278"><span>Shavuot at Chabad</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379837/jewish/Sukkot-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379837"><span>Sukkot at Chabad</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379838/jewish/Order-Lulav-Etrog.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379838"><span>Order Lulav & Etrog</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379839/jewish/Sukkah-Party.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379839"><span>Sukkah Party</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379840/jewish/Simchat-Torah.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379840"><span>Simchat Torah</span></a>
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<span>Untitled</span>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3737677/jewish/Shabbos-RSVP.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3737677"><span>Shabbos RSVP </span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3750076/jewish/Jewish-Community-Survey-Testing-other.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3750076"><span>Jewish Community Survey Testing other</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3782812/jewish/High-Holidays-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3782812"><span>High Holidays 2.0</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3782907/jewish/High-Holidays-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3782907"><span>High Holidays 2.0</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4669566/jewish/Rosh-Chodesh-Society-Sponsorship.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4669566"><span>Rosh Chodesh Society Sponsorship</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4074635/jewish/Shavuot-at-Chabad-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4074635"><span>Shavuot at Chabad 2.0</span></a>
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<a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/253215/jewish/Shabbat.htm" class="child_item link" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4659043"><span>Shabbat</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4482039/jewish/About-Us.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4482039"><span>About Us</span></a>
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<div class="break_floats"></div></div></div></div><span class="parent"><img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="12" height="6" border="0" vspace="2" /><div><a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4026472/jewish/YK-Js.htm" class="parent">YK<br />J's</a></div></span><a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4026472/jewish/YK-Js.htm" class="bg_extension js-parent-menu-link" data-aid="4026472"></a></td>
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<span>CCOEVENTS-195</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1470</span>
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<span>SITES-1381</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1373</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1487</span>
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<span>SITES-1301</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1464</span>
</a>
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<span>Adult Education</span>
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<span>SITES-1602</span>
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<span>1660 Full width</span>
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<span>SITES-1723: attempt replicate</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1675</span>
</a>
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<span>Embedded Video</span>
</a>
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<span>Untitled</span>
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<span>SITES-2098</span>
</a>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="5" height="10" alt="" border="0" class="arrow" />
<span>SITECONTROL-67</span>
</a>
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<span>Untitled</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-2301</span>
</a>
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<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101935/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101935"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101933/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101933"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101928/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101928"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Qu’est-ce que la prière?</h1>
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Art by Zalman Kleinman | Courtesy Rosa Kleinman | Via Zev Markowitz / <a href="/5234467" target="_blank">Chai Art Gallery</a>
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<p>Pour bien saisir ce que la prière représente pour un Juif, il faut d’abord s’entendre sur les termes.</p>
<p>Le mot courant pour désigner la prière chez ceux qui viennent d’un milieu yiddishisant est <em><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35393">daven</span></em> (prononcé <em>davène</em>), et il existe différentes théories sur son origine. Selon certains, <em>daven</em> vient du mot hébreu <em>dovaiv</em>, qui signifie « remuer les lèvres ». Le <em>davenèn</em>, c’est le moment où les Juifs remuent les lèvres. Nous ne prions pas en silence ; nous prions à voix haute, en articulant nos prières.</p>
<p>J’ai un jour entendu un vieil homme de Seattle, dans l’État de Washington, proposer une théorie selon laquelle <em>daven</em> serait un mot araméen, dérivé de <em>deavouhone</em>, qui signifie « de nos pères ». D’après le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33943">Talmud</span>, ce sont nos Patriarches – <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33331">Abraham</span>, <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34796">Isaac</span> et <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34788">Jacob</span> – qui ont institué la prière : Abraham a instauré la prière du matin, Isaac celle de l’après-midi, Jacob celle du soir. Puisque les prières viennent de nos pères, <em>deavouhone</em>, « prier » se dit <em>davenèn</em>.</p>
<p>En hébreu, le mot pour la prière est <em>tefila</em>. Que signifie <em><a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1425031/jewish/La-prire-dans-le-judasme.htm" title="La prière dans le judaïsme"><em><i>tefila</i></em></a></em> ? Il en existe deux traductions, toutes deux littérales et exactes. <em>Tefila</em> vient du mot <em>pelel</em>, qui signifie « juger ». La <em>tefila</em>, c’est un temps d’auto-évaluation, de jugement de soi, d’introspection – un moment où l’on prend le temps de se concentrer sur soi-même, de rentrer en soi pour examiner ce dont on a besoin, ce que l’on est vraiment, quels sont ses défauts, quelles sont ses qualités, ce que l’on demande à D.ieu et pourquoi D.ieu devrait l’accorder. Cette auto-évaluation, elle passe par la <em>tefila</em>.</p>
<p>À un autre niveau, selon une autre traduction, <em>tefila</em> signifie « attachement ». Quand nous « <em>davenons</em><em> »</em>, nous créons un lien entre nous et notre Créateur. La prière est un acte de rassemblement. Quand nous <em>davenons</em>, il n’y a plus, dans tout l’univers, que deux réalités : D.ieu et nous. Le problème, c’est qu’il y en a deux là où elles devraient n’en faire qu’une. La <em>tefila</em> remédie à cela et les réunit. La <em>tefila</em> est donc ce mouvement par lequel nous commençons à nous regarder nous-mêmes, à nous concentrer sur nous-mêmes, pour ensuite nous tourner vers D.ieu et nous rapprocher de Lui, en nous élevant au-dessus de tout l’enchaînement de la vie quotidienne.</p>
<p>Il existe, dans la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35052">Torah</span>, une explication très célèbre de la <em>tefila</em>. Il s’agit de l’épisode de Genèse 28,12, lorsque Jacob s’endort et fait un rêve : il voit une échelle posée sur le sol, dont le sommet atteint les cieux. Des anges montent et descendent le long de cette échelle. Que symbolise cette échelle ? Le <i><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35113">Zohar</span></i>, l’ouvrage fondamental de la Kabbale, explique que cette échelle reliant ciel et terre représente la prière. Au moyen de l’échelle de la prière, nous pouvons prendre notre essor, monter et nous élever jusqu’au degré le plus élevé.</p>
<p>Nos Sages nous enseignent que l’échelle de Jacob avait quatre échelons. L’enseignement ‘hassidique y voit quatre étapes de la prière, correspondant aux quatre parties de la prière du matin, <em>Cha’harit</em> :</p>
<p>1)  les <em>Pessoukei De-Zimra</em> (« Versets de louange ») ;</p>
<p>2)  les bénédictions qui précèdent le <em>Chéma</em> ;</p>
<p>3)  le <em><a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/2447811/jewish/Le-Chma.htm" title="Le Chéma"><em>Chéma</em></a></em> ;</p>
<p>4)  la <em><span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34807">Amida</span></em> — la prière « debout », aussi appelée <em>Chmoné Esré</em> (« dix-huit »), d’après ses dix-huit bénédictions originelles.</p>
<p>Ces quatre étapes forment une progression graduelle qui mène au sommet de l’échelle. On ne peut pas atteindre le sommet d’un bond ; il faut y aller échelon par échelon. Le premier échelon : louer D.ieu.</p>
<p>Quel est le sens de cette louange ?</p>
<p>Nous sommes naturellement portés vers les réalités matérielles ; nous ne sommes pas spontanément tournés vers la spiritualité. Non pas que la spiritualité ne soit pas notre état naturel véritable — au plus profond, c’est bien ce que nous sommes : des êtres spirituels. Mais notre identité spirituelle, que l’enseignement ‘hassidique appelle notre « âme divine », est recouverte. Recouverte par un corps. Et même à l’intérieur du corps, elle est encore recouverte par « l’âme animale » que nous possédons tous – cette force vitale qui nous permet de subvenir à nos besoins physiques, mais qui freine les aspirations spirituelles de l’âme divine.</p>
<p>La prière vise à ôter tout ce qui recouvre notre âme divine et l’empêche de s’unir à D.ieu. Et j’ajouterai qu’une grande part de nos difficultés psychologiques, le stress en particulier, vient des attentes démesurées que nous avons envers nous-mêmes à cause de notre ego. Quand un conflit apparaît parce que nous ne semblons pas à la hauteur de ces attentes gonflées, le stress surgit. Quand nous <em>davenons</em>, nous nous aidons à nous élever au-dessus de cela et à révéler notre véritable identité ; et alors, naturellement, les problèmes commencent à se dissoudre.</p>
<p>Le premier échelon consiste à amener notre âme animale à apprécier un tant soit peu quelque chose de spirituel. Si vous parlez à une vache, vous aurez beaucoup de mal à lui faire accepter quoi que ce soit de spirituel. Essayez donc de lui parler philosophie. La vache ne va pas du tout apprécier ce que vous essayez de lui dire. Notre âme animale ressemble, à bien des égards, à cette vache. La spiritualité ne l’intéresse pas. Mais la différence, c’est qu’on peut raisonner avec l’âme animale. Si nous parvenons à atteindre sa part rationnelle et à lui « parler », nous pouvons lui dire : « Regarde, regarde combien D.ieu est grand. D.ieu est le Créateur. C’est Lui qui crée la nourriture que tu manges, le monde que tu habites, ta vie même et ton existence. » Tout cela se trouve dans les <em>Pessoukei De-Zimra</em> – des versets et des psaumes qui décrivent D.ieu comme le Créateur et le soutien de la vie. L’âme animale comprend la matérialité, l’intérêt personnel. La manière la plus efficace de l’aborder, c’est de l’impressionner en lui montrant combien il est bon, pour son propre être matériel, d’être proche de D.ieu. Nous disons à notre âme animale : « Tu sais, la plus grande chose au monde <i>pour toi</i>, c’est D.ieu. » Aimer D.ieu, c’est aimer Celui qui t’a créé, <i>toi</i>, qui t’a donné la santé, la subsistance, les enfants, la famille, la vie sociale, la vie communautaire. Une fois que l’âme animale prend conscience des avantages qu’il y a à être proche de D.ieu, nous pouvons passer au deuxième échelon.</p>
<p>Le deuxième échelon, ce sont les bénédictions qui précèdent le <em>Chéma</em>. On monte encore d’un cran sur l’échelle de la prière. Les bénédictions qui précèdent le <em>Chéma</em> parlent des anges et de l’enthousiasme qu’ils éprouvent pour D.ieu dans les cieux.</p>
<p>Comment cela agit-il sur l’âme animale ? Eh bien, parfois, pour intéresser quelqu’un qui n’est pas très réceptif à une chose, on peut lui dire : « Tu sais quoi ? Ton ami s’y intéresse. » La pression des pairs, dans notre société, c’est quelque chose de très puissant.</p>
<p>L’âme animale peut être quelque peu impressionnée quand elle <em>davène</em> et voit combien D.ieu est grand. Mais elle se dit : « Écoute, je ne peux pas simplement me détacher de tout ce qui n’est pas divin sous prétexte que tu m’as convaincue que D.ieu est bon. Ce n’est tout simplement pas le genre de chose que font les animaux. » L’idée des bénédictions qui précèdent le <em>Chéma</em>, c’est de lui dire que les anges, qui sont eux aussi des animaux, sont tout enthousiasmés par D.ieu.</p>
<p>Je ne manque pas de respect en qualifiant les anges d’animaux. La <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/5538423/jewish/Quest-ce-que-la-Torah.htm" title="Qu’est-ce que la Torah ?">Torah</a> elle-même les désigne ainsi – au début du Livre d’Ézéchiel, il y a toute une vision où les anges sont représentés comme des animaux. Parce que qu’est-ce qu’un animal ? C’est une créature dotée d’intelligence – pas comme un être humain, mais elle a de l’intelligence. L’intelligence de l’animal est programmée ; il suit ses instincts. Les anges aussi sont des créatures programmées ; ce sont des ordinateurs spirituels. Qu’est-ce qu’un ordinateur ? Un être intelligent programmé. Son intelligence est, à certains égards, supérieure à celle d’un être humain. Et pourtant, personne ne dirait jamais qu’un ordinateur est supérieur à un être humain, parce que seul l’être humain a le libre arbitre, la capacité de faire ce qu’il veut. L’être humain n’est pas programmé. L’ange est une sorte d’ordinateur mis en mouvement par D.ieu, qui en est le programmeur. L’ange veille à ce que la nature fonctionne conformément au programme de D.ieu.</p>
<p>On peut donc dire à l’âme animale que ces anges, ses pairs, sont enthousiasmés par D.ieu. D’ailleurs, la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1856977/jewish/Kabbalah.htm" title="Kabbalah">Kabbale</a> nous enseigne que les différents types d’anges sont les prédécesseurs spirituels directs – un « maillon plus haut dans la chaîne » – des animaux tels que nous les connaissons, y compris, bien sûr, cet « animal civilisé » qu’est l’âme animale de l’homme. Si les anges sont tous enthousiasmés par D.ieu, alors l’âme animale n’a plus de raison de reculer devant l’amour de D.ieu, devant le rapprochement avec D.ieu, ni d’empêcher l’âme divine d’exprimer son lien avec D.ieu.</p>
<p>Cette préparation de l’âme animale à travers les « Versets de louange » et les bénédictions sur les anges atteint son but au troisième échelon de la prière : la récitation du <em>Chéma</em>.</p>
<p>Dans le <em>Chéma</em>, nous proclamons notre foi dans l’unité de D.ieu et nous exprimons notre amour pour D.ieu « de tout ton cœur, de toute ton âme et de toute ta force ». En tant qu’individu, on ne peut pas vraiment aimer D.ieu quand son âme animale aime autre chose. Mais, à mesure qu’on avance dans les étapes du <em>davenèn</em>, l’âme animale commence à reconnaître que son premier amour devrait peut-être être D.ieu. Et qu’elle ne devrait peut-être pas faire obstacle à l’âme divine. Alors on peut aimer D.ieu <em>bekhol levavekha</em>, « de tout ton (<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36832">tes</span>) cœur(s) ». Le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/5351046/jewish/Quest-ce-que-le-Talmud.htm" title="Qu’est-ce que le Talmud?">Talmud</a> fait remarquer que le mot <em>levavekha</em> désigne un cœur double. Et le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/2537389/jewish/Talmud.htm" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> explique que c’est parce que notre cœur est partagé. Un ensemble d’émotions, un cœur, est guidé et inspiré par l’âme divine ; un autre est guidé par l’âme animale. Il ne suffit pas que l’âme divine aime D.ieu ; l’âme animale doit elle aussi ressentir cet amour. Quand on récite le <em>Chéma</em>, idéalement, c’est cela qu’on devrait exprimer – pas seulement l’amour de D.ieu à travers l’âme divine, mais aussi l’amour de D.ieu dans notre nature animale la plus fondamentale. Et cela n’est possible qu’après avoir franchi les premier et deuxième échelons du <em>davenèn</em>, comme on l’a expliqué.</p>
<p>Mais il y a encore plus haut. Car, au niveau du <em>Chéma</em>, l’accent porte sur l’amour de D.ieu, et la nature même de l’amour implique qu’il y ait un objet de cet amour – quelque chose en dehors de soi, que l’on n’est pas, et qui nous attire. Il y a donc encore un mobile, aussi noble soit-il. On ressent une attirance pour D.ieu, on a conscience de soi-même et, par conséquent, on n’est pas encore dans un état d’union totale. En revanche, lorsqu’on dit la <em><a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/283942/jewish/The-Weekday-Amidah.htm" title="The Weekday Amidah">Amida</a></em>, si l’on a franchi comme il faut toutes les étapes précédentes, on se tient dans une union totale et complète avec D.ieu. Il n’y a plus deux réalités – soi et D.ieu. L’ascension jusqu’au sommet de l’échelle est achevée.</p>
<p>Ce qui est décrit ici, c’est l’état idéal du <em>davenèn</em>, quand tout se passe selon les règles de l’art. En principe, cela devrait fonctionner. Mais parce que nous ne sommes pas parfaits, parce que d’autres facteurs interfèrent, souvent cela ne fonctionne pas ainsi. Pourtant, cela ne nous fait pas de tort si, parfois, nous prenons un peu d’avance sur nous-mêmes, ou si parfois il faut un peu plus de temps.</p>
<p>Il y avait autrefois un ‘<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33906">hassid</span> qui mettait beaucoup d’efforts dans le <em>davenèn</em>. Et quand un ‘<a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/4079238/jewish/17-Facts-Everyone-Should-Know-About-Hasidic-Jews.htm" title="17 Facts Everyone Should Know About Hasidic Jews">hassid</a>, surtout autrefois, mettait des efforts dans le <em>davenèn</em>, cela voulait dire qu’il étudiait pendant des heures les enseignements mystiques avant de <em>davener</em>. Il se levait à trois ou quatre heures du matin, étudiait pendant deux ou trois heures, puis méditait encore une heure ou deux sur ce qu’il avait étudié, et ensuite seulement il commençait à <em>davener</em>. Il <em>davenait</em> avec cette méditation, avec cette étude, et le <em>davenèn</em> pénétrait alors vraiment en lui et produisait un effet immense.</p>
<p>Ce ‘hassid-là faisait beaucoup de préparatifs. Et il se sentait très enthousiasmé, très remué spirituellement par tous ces préparatifs. Mais ensuite, quand le <em>davenèn</em> commençait, toutes ces émotions se dissipaient, s’évanouissaient. Il ne ressentait plus rien pendant le <em>davenèn</em> lui-même. Il disait les mots, passait par les « quatre étapes » – il savait ce que les mots signifiaient et ce qu’était chaque étape – mais aucune émotion n’apparaissait. Et cela le troublait beaucoup. Il s’investissait pendant des heures et des heures pour tirer quelque chose de grand du <em>davenèn</em>, et puis il allait <em>davener</em> et ne ressentait rien.</p>
<p>Il alla se plaindre à Rabbi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33664">Hillel</span> de Paritch, l’un des plus grands ‘hassidim de son époque. Il lui dit : « Regarde ce que je fais. Je me prépare, je m’élève spirituellement, et puis, dès que je commence à <em>davener</em>, je retombe et je n’en retire rien ! » Et <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36667">Reb</span> Hillel lui répondit : « Pourquoi cela te dérange-t-il de <em>davener</em> avant de <em>davener</em> ? »</p>
<p>Autrement dit, il se peut que nous ressentions les effets du <em>davenèn</em> dans la préparation au <em>davenèn</em> lui-même, et le fait que telle ou telle partie du <em>davenèn</em> – ou même aucune partie – n’éveille pas toujours le même sentiment ne signifie pas nécessairement que quelque chose ne va pas.</p>
<p>Tant que nous avons l’attitude juste et le bon objectif, notre <em>davenèn</em> n’est pas simplement : « Bon, D.ieu a dit que je devais <em>davener</em>, alors je dois dire les mots et en finir. » Il y a des gens qui aiment <em>davener</em> très tôt le matin, et c’est une bonne chose ; mais ce qui n’est pas bon, c’est qu’ils le fassent parce qu’ils veulent en finir : « Je veux avoir toute une journée où je puisse être libre pour moi-même. » Le <em>davenèn</em> n’est pas quelque chose dont il faut « en finir » – c’est quelque chose où il faut entrer.</p>
<p>Parfois, ce n’est qu’après des années et des années de <em>davenèn</em> qu’on finit par ressentir quelque chose. Car le <em>davenèn</em> ressemble beaucoup au métier de violoniste de concert. Le violoniste ne se lève pas simplement pour monter sur scène et jouer un grand chef-d’œuvre. Il lui faut se préparer, s’exercer pendant des heures et des heures, des jours, des semaines, des mois et des années avant de pouvoir vraiment présenter un chef-d’œuvre. Il en va de même pour le <em>davenèn</em>. Ce que j’ai décrit, c’est la forme idéale du <em>davenèn</em>, et cela peut prendre des années et des années – mais l’essentiel, c’est qu’il faut commencer, savoir de quoi il retourne, et utiliser le <em>davenèn</em> pour avancer dans cette direction.</p>
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and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=221\">Sarah</a>, husband of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1476\">Rebecca</a>, father of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1477\">Jacob</a> \
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and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1478\">Esau</a>. First to be circumcised when eight days old. Readily accompanied his father to be sacrificed at the “<a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=4555\">Binding of Isaac</a>.” Primarily occupied himself with <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=13361\">digging wells</a>. (b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [90], kid: [2202],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/3937311/jewish/Isaac.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Isaac',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_34807']={word: 'Amida', text: ['(lit. \"standing\"); also referred to as Shemonah Esrei (Eighteen Benedictions); the main section of prayer, recited standing'], article_count: [54], kid: [2815],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/283942/jewish/The-Weekday-Amidah.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Weekday Amidah',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_35052']={word: 'Torah', text: ['(lit. teaching) (a) The Five Books of Moses (The Bible); (b) the overall body of Jewish religious teachings encompassing the whole body of Jewish law, practice and tradition'], article_count: [28864], kid: [1199],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'What Is the Torah?',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_35113']={word: 'Zohar', text: ['the classic text of the Kabbalah; compiled by 2nd century mishnaic sage Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai'], article_count: [33], kid: [9516],relatedArticleUrl: '/kabbalah/article_cdo/aid/380596/jewish/What-Is-the-Zohar.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'What Is the Zohar?',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_35393']={word: 'Daven', text: ['(Yiddish) to pray'], article_count: [0], kid: [11445],relatedArticleUrl: '',relatedArticleTitle: '',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_36667']={word: 'Reb', text: ['(a) a short form of “Rebbe,” used as a title prefacing a name; (b) colloq., used with the name of any adult male, approx. equivalent to the English “Mister”'], article_count: [0], kid: [11455],relatedArticleUrl: '',relatedArticleTitle: '',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_36832']={word: 'Tes', text: ['the ninth letter of the hebrew alphabet, pronounced \"t,\" with a numerical value of nine'], article_count: [7], kid: [7382],relatedArticleUrl: '/multimedia/video_cdo/aid/797136/jewish/The-Letter-Tet.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Secrets of the Letter Tet',isVideo: true,};
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