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<span>Sukkos</span>
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<span>Sukkos</span>
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<span>Holiday</span>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4196668/jewish/Chanukah-Schedule.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4196668"><span>Chanukah Schedule</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4196669/jewish/Grand-Menorah-Lighting.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4196669"><span>Grand Menorah Lighting</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4196670/jewish/Chanukah-Party.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4196670"><span>Chanukah Party</span></a>
<a href="/templates/photogallery_cdo/aid/4209113/jewish/Photos.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4209113"><span>Photos</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4306551/jewish/Pesach-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4306551"><span>Pesach at Chabad</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4331776/jewish/Family-Purim-event.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4331776"><span>Family Purim event</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4337225/jewish/Pesach-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4337225"><span>Pesach at Chabad</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4337278/jewish/Shavuot-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4337278"><span>Shavuot at Chabad</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4338641/jewish/Pesach-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4338641"><span>Pesach at Chabad</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4338642/jewish/The-Seder.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4338642"><span>The Seder</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379837/jewish/Sukkot-at-Chabad.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379837"><span>Sukkot at Chabad</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379838/jewish/Order-Lulav-Etrog.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379838"><span>Order Lulav & Etrog</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379839/jewish/Sukkah-Party.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379839"><span>Sukkah Party</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4379840/jewish/Simchat-Torah.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4379840"><span>Simchat Torah</span></a>
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<span>Untitled</span>
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<span>SITECONTROL-1228</span>
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<span>Donate form</span>
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<span>Legacy Fundraising</span>
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<span>High Holidays 2019</span>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/2886563/jewish/testing.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="2886563"><span>testing</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/2932557/jewish/SITES-1486.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="2932557"><span>SITES-1486</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3782940/jewish/High-Holidays-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3782940"><span>High Holidays 2.0</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3737677/jewish/Shabbos-RSVP.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3737677"><span>Shabbos RSVP </span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3738310/jewish/Untitled.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3738310"><span>Untitled</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3750076/jewish/Jewish-Community-Survey-Testing-other.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3750076"><span>Jewish Community Survey Testing other</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3782812/jewish/High-Holidays-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3782812"><span>High Holidays 2.0</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3782907/jewish/High-Holidays-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3782907"><span>High Holidays 2.0</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4669566/jewish/Rosh-Chodesh-Society-Sponsorship.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4669566"><span>Rosh Chodesh Society Sponsorship</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4074635/jewish/Shavuot-at-Chabad-20.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4074635"><span>Shavuot at Chabad 2.0</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4074635/jewish/Shavuot-at-Chabad-20.htm" class="child_item link" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="5955987"><span>Shavuot at Chabad 2.0</span></a>
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<a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/253215/jewish/Shabbat.htm" class="child_item link" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4659043"><span>Shabbat</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4077316/jewish/Donate-Online.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4077316"><span>Donate Online</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4467766/jewish/Reservations.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4467766"><span>Reservations</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4482000/jewish/Rosh-Hashanah-Meal.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4482000"><span>Rosh Hashanah Meal</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4482001/jewish/Yom-Kippur-Service.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4482001"><span>Yom Kippur Service</span></a>
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<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4482039/jewish/About-Us.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4482039"><span>About Us</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4482040/jewish/Curriculum.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4482040"><span>Curriculum</span></a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4482041/jewish/Programs.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="4482041"><span>Programs</span></a>
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<div class="break_floats"></div></div></div></div><span class="parent"><img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="12" height="6" border="0" vspace="2" /><div><a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4026472/jewish/YK-Js.htm" class="parent">YK<br />J's</a></div></span><a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4026472/jewish/YK-Js.htm" class="bg_extension js-parent-menu-link" data-aid="4026472"></a></td>
<td class="co_menu_item_divider"><img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="2" height="1" border="0" /></td>
<td class="co_menu_item arrow multi_level" aid="3526266" data-menu-level="1" onmouseover='Co.MainNavigation.Show(event, this);' onmouseout='Co.MainNavigation.Hide(event, this);' >
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<span>CCOEVENTS-195</span>
</a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/3806942/jewish/SITES-1470.htm" class="item empty" id="menu_item5-2" data-menu-level="2" data-aid="3806942">
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<span>SITES-1470</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1381</span>
</a>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="5" height="10" alt="" border="0" class="arrow" />
<span>SITES-1373</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1487</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1301</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1464</span>
</a>
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<span>Adult Education</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1602</span>
</a>
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<span>1660 Full width</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1723: attempt replicate</span>
</a>
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<span>SITES-1675</span>
</a>
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<span>Embedded Video</span>
</a>
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<span>Untitled</span>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="5" height="10" alt="" border="0" class="arrow off" />
<span>SITES-2098</span>
</a>
<a href="/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/4997338/jewish/SITECONTROL-67.htm" class="item" id="menu_item5-18" data-menu-level="2" data-aid="4997338">
<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="5" height="10" alt="" border="0" class="arrow" />
<span>SITECONTROL-67</span>
</a>
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<span>Untitled</span>
</a>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/images/global/spacer.gif" width="5" height="10" alt="" border="0" class="arrow off" />
<span>SITES-2301</span>
</a>
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<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101935/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101935"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101933/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101933"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101928/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101928"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3101929/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3101929"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
<a href="/templates/section_cdo/aid/3099872/jewish/Custom-Layout-wide.htm" class="child_item default" data-menu-level="3" data-aid="3099872"><span>Custom Layout (wide)</span></a>
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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Le fossé des générations</h1>
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<p>Dans l’histoire d’un peuple comme dans celle d’une vie individuelle, les choses ne se déroulent pas toujours comme prévu.</p>
<p>Le dessein initial était le suivant : le 15 <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33897">Nissan</span> de l’année 2448 depuis la Création (1313 avant l’ère commune), le peuple d’Israël est libéré d’Égypte sous la conduite de Moïse. Après sept semaines de préparation et d’affinement spirituel, il reçoit la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35052">Torah</span>, le mandat que D.ieu lui confie en tant que « nation de prêtres et peuple saint » de D.ieu, au mont Sinaï. Du Sinaï, il n’y a que onze jours de marche jusqu’à la terre de <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34108">Canaan</span>, la terre promise à <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33331">Abraham</span>, <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34796">Isaac</span> et <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34788">Jacob</span> comme patrie éternelle d’Israël. Là, Moïse construit le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34471">Temple</span>, destiné à servir de siège de la présence divine dans le monde matériel, et le peuple d’Israël met en œuvre le projet de vie contenu dans la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/5538423/jewish/Quest-ce-que-la-Torah.htm" title="Qu’est-ce que la Torah ?">Torah</a>, établissant une société modèle appelée à devenir la clef de voûte d’une communauté mondiale harmonieuse, reflétant la bonté et la perfection de son Créateur.</p>
<p>Mais ce n’est pas ce qui advint. Au lieu de cela, le chemin du Sinaï à la Terre Sainte prit non pas onze jours, mais quarante ans. La génération de l’Exode devint « la génération du désert » : seuls deux des 600 000 hommes adultes sortis d’Égypte vécurent assez longtemps pour entrer dans la terre de <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34492">Canaan</span>. Le grand dessein que Moïse devait conduire fut différé, et il attend encore son accomplissement. Josué, disciple de Moïse, entreprit la conquête de la Terre Sainte, mais cette tâche ne fut achevée que cinq siècles plus tard par le roi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35331">David</span>. Salomon, fils de David, construisit le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/705757/jewish/Le-Saint-Temple.htm" title="Le Saint Temple">Temple</a> à Jérusalem, mais ce n’était pas l’édifice éternel que Moïse aurait bâti : il fut détruit par les Babyloniens en 3338 (423 <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="37046">av</span>. è.c.), reconstruit par <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36220">Ezra</span> en 3408 (353 av. è.c.), puis détruit une nouvelle fois, par les Romains, en 3829 (69 de l’ère commune). Le peuple d’Israël échoua à être pleinement à la hauteur de son rôle de « lumière pour les nations », et fut exilé de sa terre. Le monde parfait et harmonieux que nous devions faire advenir en entrant dans la terre de <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/688332/jewish/Isral.htm" title="Israël">Canaan</a> sous la conduite de Moïse attend encore d’être accompli par <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/710293/jewish/Machiah.htm" title="Machia’h">Machia’h</a>.</p>
<p>Que s’est-il donc passé ? Notre paracha en rapporte le récit, et il est repris, avec quelques détails importants supplémentaires, dans le récit qu’en fait Moïse au premier chapitre du Deutéronome.</p>
<p>Les enfants d’Israël campaient à Kadéch, à la frontière de <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/588018/jewish/Israel.htm" title="Israel">Canaan</a>, se préparant à entrer dans la terre, lorsqu’ils s’approchèrent de Moïse avec une requête :</p>
<blockquote>
<p><i>« Envoyons des hommes devant nous, afin qu’ils explorent la terre pour nous et nous rapportent quelle route nous devrons prendre et dans quelles villes nous entrerons » (Deutéronome 1,22).</i></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Moïse transmit la demande du peuple à D.ieu, et D.ieu répondit : « Agis selon ta propre compréhension » (Nombres 13,2, selon Rachi sur ce verset). Moïse envoya douze explorateurs – un représentant de chacune des douze tribus d’Israël – pour reconnaître le pays et rendre compte de son relief et de ses habitants. Quarante jours plus tard, le huit Av de l’année 2449, les explorateurs revinrent, portant des échantillons des fruits énormes et savoureux du pays, avec le compte rendu suivant :</p>
<blockquote>
<p><i>« Nous sommes venus dans la terre où tu nous as envoyés ; il ruisselle effectivement de lait et de miel, et voici son fruit.</i></p>
<p><i>« Cependant, le peuple qui habite cette terre est puissant, les villes sont fortifiées et très grandes ; nous y avons aussi vu des géants. Les Amalécites habitent dans le Néguev ; les Hittites, les Jébuséens et les Amoréens dans la montagne ; et les Cananéens, au bord de la mer et sur les rives du Jourdain.</i></p>
<p><i>« Nous ne pouvons pas monter contre ce peuple, car il est plus fort que nous. » (Nombres 13,27–31)</i></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Leur rapport ébranla la foi du peuple en sa capacité de conquérir la Terre Sainte, en dépit des promesses de D.ieu. En effet, les Sages relèvent que le mot hébreu <i>miménou</i>, rendu ici par « que nous », peut aussi se traduire par « que Lui ». Les explorateurs disaient en substance : « Ils sont plus forts que Lui », c’est-à-dire que la conquête de la Terre Sainte dépassait même, pour ainsi dire, la capacité du Tout-Puissant Lui-même ! Toute la nuit, la nation pleura et se lamenta sur son sort, criant à Moïse : « Pourquoi D.ieu nous mène-t-Il vers cette terre pour que nous tombions par l’épée, et que nos femmes et nos enfants soient emmenés captifs ? »</p>
<p>C’est ainsi que, le neuf Av – jour qui devait devenir annonciateur de nombreuses tragédies pour le peuple d’Israël – D.ieu informa Moïse que la génération qui avait reçu la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a> au Sinaï n’était pas apte à entrer dans la terre de Canaan. Il décréta qu’elle vivrait le reste de son existence en errant dans le désert, jusqu’à ce qu’une nouvelle génération puisse relever le défi de conquérir la terre de Canaan et d’en faire une « Terre Sainte », le foyer de la présence de D.ieu dans le monde matériel.</p>
</section><section><h2>Que s’est-il passé ?</h2>
<p>Presque tous les commentateurs soulèvent la question : que s’est-il passé ? Où se sont-ils trompés ?</p>
<p>Les explorateurs dépêchés par Moïse n’étaient pas des individus ordinaires : « Ils étaient tous des hommes éminents, des chefs des enfants d’Israël » (Nombres 13,3). De plus, dans toute l’histoire, il serait difficile de trouver une génération dont la vie ait été davantage imprégnée de miracles que la leur. L’Égypte, la nation la plus puissante de la terre à cette époque, avait été contrainte de les libérer de l’esclavage lorsque « la main puissante » de D.ieu lui infligea dix plaies surnaturelles. Lorsque les armées de Pharaon se lancèrent à leur poursuite, la mer s’ouvrit pour les laisser passer, puis engloutit leurs poursuivants. Dans le désert, les miracles étaient la trame même de leur vie quotidienne : la <a href="/parshah/article_cdo/aid/6768688/jewish/La-manne-un-pain-ternel.htm" title="La manne, un pain éternel">manne</a> tombée du ciel était leur pain quotidien ; le « <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/7381694/jewish/Le-puits-de-Myriam-le-mystre-lucid.htm" title="Le puits de Myriam: le mystère élucidé">puits de Myriam</a> » – une pierre miraculeuse qui accompagnait le camp d’Israël – leur fournissait de l’eau ; et les « <a href="/parshah/article_cdo/aid/7280658/jewish/Les-Nues-de-Gloire.htm" title="Les Nuées de Gloire">nuées de gloire</a> » les protégeaient de la chaleur et du froid du désert, préservaient leurs vêtements et leurs chaussures, détruisaient les serpents et les scorpions sur leur route, et aplanissaient le terrain devant eux pour leur faciliter le chemin.</p>
<p>Que de tels êtres aient pu douter de la capacité de D.ieu à vaincre les « puissants habitants » de Canaan semble tout simplement absurde. Et pourtant, ce sont les chefs de ce peuple qui déclarèrent : « Nous ne pouvons pas monter contre ce peuple, car il est plus fort que nous » – et même « que Lui » !</p>
<p>Où se sont-ils trompés ?</p>
</section><section><h2>Idylle désertique</h2>
<p>Le maître ‘hassidique Rabbi Chnéour Zalman de Lyadi explique que le problème tenait à un excès de spiritualité.</p>
<p>Les miracles quotidiens que connut la génération de l’Exode ne se bornaient pas à la nourrir et à la protéger ; ils la tenaient à l’écart de toute implication directe dans le monde matériel. Durant la première génération de notre existence comme peuple, nous avons vécu une vie entièrement spirituelle, dégagée de toute préoccupation matérielle ; la nourriture même qui nous faisait vivre était un « pain venu du ciel ».</p>
<p>À vrai dire, il ne pouvait en être autrement. Nos Sages ont dit que « la Torah ne pouvait être donnée qu’à ceux qui mangeaient la manne ». Pour recevoir et assimiler correctement la sagesse divine, il faut être entièrement affranchi des responsabilités et des frustrations de la vie physique, ce qui n’est possible que dans le type d’environnement dont nos ancêtres bénéficièrent lors de leur séjour dans le désert du Sinaï.</p>
<p>C’est pourquoi, dit Rabbi Chnéour Zalman, les explorateurs et leur génération répugnaient à entrer dans la terre. Devenir un peuple possédant une terre impliquerait de labourer, de semer et de récolter ; cela signifierait s’engager dans le commerce et lever des impôts ; cela exigerait une administration pour diriger le pays et une armée pour le défendre. Leur objection profonde à l’égard de la terre tenait, comme les explorateurs l’exprimèrent, au fait que « c’est une terre qui dévore ses habitants » : il dévore le temps et l’énergie de l’homme par ses exigences matérielles, et empiète sur sa capacité d’étudier la sagesse divine de la Torah et de méditer ses vérités. Ils n’étaient pas disposés à renoncer à leur utopie spirituelle pour les contraintes d’une vie terrestre.</p>
<p>Sur cette base, le Rabbi de Loubavitch explique l’argument des explorateurs : « Nous ne pouvons pas monter contre ce peuple, car il est plus fort que nous », en dépit des prodigieux miracles que D.ieu avait accomplis et continuait d’accomplir pour eux. Nous ne pouvons pas concilier les deux, faisaient valoir les explorateurs. Ou bien nous devons être un peuple spirituel, adonné exclusivement à des occupations spirituelles et maintenu en vie par des moyens surnaturels ; ou bien nous devons entrer dans le monde naturel du cultivateur, du commerçant et du soldat, et nous soumettre à ses lois. Or, selon ces lois – qui veulent que les nombreux, les puissants et bien défendus l’emportent sur les faibles et les peu nombreux – il n’existe aucun moyen pour nous de vaincre les habitants de Canaan.</p>
<p>Ils allèrent même jusqu’à appliquer ce raisonnement au Tout-Puissant Lui-même. Si D.ieu veut que nous menions une vie spirituelle, alors Il peut certainement nous faire subsister par des miracles. Mais si Son désir est que nous abandonnions notre existence surnaturelle pour entrer dans la terre et assumer une vie naturelle, alors Il a Lui-même décrété que les lois de la nature régiraient notre destin. Dans ce cas, Il ne peut pas nous donner le pouvoir de conquérir <i>miraculeusement</i> la terre, car s’Il le faisait, cela contredirait le but même de notre entrée dans la « terre ». Ainsi, « ils sont plus forts que Lui » : même D.ieu ne peut nous aider, s’Il a Lui-même choisi de faire de nous un peuple engagé dans la matérialité !</p>
</section><section><h2>Anges déchus</h2>
<p>Cela explique également l’allusion mystérieuse des explorateurs aux « <i>néfilim</i>, descendants des géants, les déchus » qu’ils rencontrèrent en Terre Sainte.</p>
<p>Qui étaient les <i>néfilim</i> ? Le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="32498">Midrash</span> rapporte que, dans les années qui précédèrent le Déluge, alors que la violence et la débauche envahissaient la terre, deux anges, <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36461">Cham</span>’hazaï et Azaël, plaidèrent devant le Tout-Puissant : « Permets-nous de demeurer parmi les hommes, et nous sanctifierons Ton nom ! » Mais à peine ces deux êtres célestes entrèrent-ils en contact avec le monde matériel qu’ils furent corrompus, eux aussi, et jouèrent un rôle majeur dans le délitement et la destruction de la société au sein de laquelle ils s’étaient installés.</p>
<p>Nous les avons vus là-bas, dirent les explorateurs revenus au peuple : les anges déchus qui avaient survécu au Déluge, mais n’avaient pas survécu à la terre. Si ces êtres célestes n’ont pu survivre à leur descente dans le monde terrestre, que pouvait-on attendre de nous, hommes mortels et fragiles ?</p>
</section><section><h2>Concilier les deux</h2>
<p>Ce que les explorateurs et leur génération ne comprirent pas, c’est que les hommes, précisément, ne sont pas des anges. Entièrement spirituel, l’ange se dissout au contact de la terre. Mais l’être humain, fait d’esprit et de matière, unit en lui le céleste et l’animal. L’homme a reçu la capacité de faire le ciel sur la terre, de faire que « terre » puisse avoir « sainte » comme adjectif.</p>
<p>Tel est le cœur même de l’objectif divin de la Création et de la mission qui nous fut confiée au Sinaï : faire de ce monde « une demeure pour D.ieu dans les mondes d’en bas ». Imprégner nos labours, nos semailles et notre commerce d’une finalité sainte et divine.</p>
<p>En nous chargeant de cette mission, le Créateur nous a donné le pouvoir de réellement « concilier les deux » : créer une terre qui soit sainte, une nature qui soit miraculeuse, une réalité qui ne soit pas prisonnière de ses propres limites, parce qu’elle est au service d’une finalité qui la dépasse.</p>
<p>La réalisation de cet objectif exigeait un programme en deux étapes : d’abord un état de sainteté et de spiritualité absolues, puis « l’entrée dans la terre » et l’engagement dans les tâches matérielles que cela implique. Car, pour sanctifier la terre, il faut posséder une vision de la vérité divine dans toute sa pureté, laquelle ne peut être atteinte que par une nation de « mangeurs de manne ». Il devait donc y avoir, d’abord, cette période de retrait total du monde matériel. Mais cette phase de notre existence nationale n’était pas une fin en soi : elle était le moyen d’acquérir les outils et les ressources nécessaires pour introduire le miraculeux au sein de la nature et élever le quotidien.</p>
<p>Si la « génération du désert » avait <i>elle-même</i> été capable d’opérer la transition pour devenir un peuple de la terre, la transformation du monde matériel en demeure pour D.ieu aurait été pleinement et parfaitement accomplie dès cette génération. Si elle avait cru en la capacité que D.ieu lui avait donnée de « concilier les deux », sa sanctification de la terre aurait uni sa perception suprême de la vérité divine à un engagement total dans la réalité naturelle.</p>
<p>La génération du désert échoua à concrétiser l’occasion unique qui se présenta à ce moment précis de notre histoire : qu’il existe une génération unique capable de faire le lien entre les deux mondes, une génération unique qui aurait d’abord habité un monde de spiritualité absolue, puis aurait entrepris de l’appliquer à une vie sur la terre. Au lieu de cela, elle céda à cette tendance humaine qui consiste à compartimenter la vie, à étiqueter ses expériences et ses acquis comme « matériels », « spirituels », « sacrés », « profanes », « naturels » et « surnaturels », les assignant ainsi à leurs domaines respectifs et les y confinant.</p>
<p>Il revint donc à leurs enfants d’entreprendre le chemin plus long et plus difficile, un chemin qui ne parvient à son terme qu’à notre époque : combler le redoutable « fossé des générations » qui nous sépare de nos ancêtres mangeurs de manne, et appliquer à nos propres vies soumises aux réalités de la terre la vérité pure qu’ils reçurent dans le désert.</p>
</section><section><h2>Sur un plan personnel</h2>
<p>Outre la grande saga cosmique et historique, le même processus et le même défi se retrouvent, à plus petite échelle, dans chaque vie individuelle.</p>
<p>Dans nos propres vies, chacun porte en lui une « génération du désert » et une « génération de l’entrée dans la terre ». Notre enfance et notre jeunesse sont une période spirituelle et miraculeuse : nos besoins nous sont pourvus « d’en haut », sans effort ni souci de notre part ; la responsabilité de faire fonctionner le monde ne nous incombe pas encore. Cette existence à l’écart du monde, bien que contraire au but ultime de notre vie, constitue l’environnement optimal pour acquérir les croyances, les valeurs et les connaissances qui guideront et inspireront l’œuvre que nous aurons à accomplir dans le monde lorsque, plus tard, dans notre vie adulte, nous « entrerons dans la terre ».</p>
<p>Il en va de même de chaque journée de notre vie : nous commençons la journée par un temps consacré à la prière et à l’étude de la Torah, avant d’entrer dans la journée de travail et d’entreprendre de développer et de sanctifier le monde matériel.</p>
<p>Là aussi existe le danger de succomber à un « fossé des générations » entre notre « désert du Sinaï » et notre « Terre d’Israël », d’adopter la logique du « ou ça… ou ça… » des explorateurs. C’est là que réside la leçon éternelle du récit que la Torah donne de l’épisode des explorateurs : ne laissez pas la sagesse, la sensibilité et l’inspiration de votre jeunesse demeurer une période isolée de votre vie. Ne laissez pas vos moments d’attachement à D.ieu, chaque matin, demeurer un « miracle » sans effet sur le cours naturel de votre journée. Entrez dans la terre, mais ne laissez pas derrière vous votre « enfance » spirituelle. Souvenez-vous que telle est la finalité de tout cela : faire de votre vie et de votre monde une « terre sainte ».</p></section></div>
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and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=221\">Sarah</a>, husband of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1476\">Rebecca</a>, father of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1477\">Jacob</a> \
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and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1478\">Esau</a>. First to be circumcised when eight days old. Readily accompanied his father to be sacrificed at the “<a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=4555\">Binding of Isaac</a>.” Primarily occupied himself with <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=13361\">digging wells</a>. (b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [90], kid: [2202],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/3937311/jewish/Isaac.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Isaac',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_35052']={word: 'Torah', text: ['(lit. teaching) (a) The Five Books of Moses (The Bible); (b) the overall body of Jewish religious teachings encompassing the whole body of Jewish law, practice and tradition'], article_count: [28864], kid: [1199],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'What Is the Torah?',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_35331']={word: 'David', text: ['(a) (907-837 BCE) A Bethlehem native, youngest son of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=9270\">Jesse</a> and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=9269\">Nitzevet</a>. A shepherd boy, he rose to fame after slaying the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11968\">Philistine</a> hero <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11978\">Goliath</a>. This earned him the hand of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11969\">King Saul</a>’s daughter <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11979\">Michal</a> in marriage. Anointed by <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1356\">Samuel</a> to succeed Saul after the latter failed to annihilate <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=2825\">Amalek</a>. This aroused Saul\'s jealousy, who then pursued him relentlessly. David became king after Saul’s death. During his monarchy, David successfully secured and expanded Israel’s borders, but was beset by a series of revolts and personal tribulations. Compiled the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=2172\">Book of Psalms</a>. Succeeded by his son <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=9298\">Solomon</a>. (b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [98], kid: [2417],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/463954/jewish/King-David.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'King David',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_36220']={word: 'Ezra', text: ['(a) (d. 313 BCE) Scribe, spiritual and political Jewish leader, and head of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=12199\">Great Assembly</a>. A year after the completion of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=12355\">Second Temple</a> by Jews who had returned to the Land of Israel, Ezra led a second wave of exiles back from Babylon. Ezra taught and encouraged the observance of the laws of the Torah, and copied and disseminated the books of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11380\">Tanach</a>. (b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [18], kid: [8074],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/4166669/jewish/The-Story-of-Ezra-the-Scribe-in-the-Bible.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Story of Ezra the Scribe in the Bible',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_36461']={word: 'Cham', text: ['Son of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=219\">Noah</a>, survived the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=89\">Flood</a> together with his family by entering the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=8338\">Ark</a>. Was cursed for his behavior during his father\'s drunken episode. Progenitor of Canaan.'], article_count: [8], kid: [9973],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/246609/jewish/The-Story-of-Noah-and-the-Ark-in-the-Bible.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Story of Noah and the Ark in the Bible',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_37046']={word: 'Av', text: ['the fifth month of the Jewish year, corresponding to July-August; the month in which both Temples were destroyed; also called Menachem Av'], article_count: [15], kid: [10845],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/2263460/jewish/Av.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Hebrew Month of Av',isVideo: false,};
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